Narration Change ( English )

 Direct speech & Indirect speech

Direct speech is the original form expressed by a person. It is enclosed in quotation marks and the quoted text is the speaker's original narrative.

Indirect speech is the reported speech or indirect narration. In grammar, when you report someone else’s statement in your own words without any change in the meaning of the statement, it is called indirect speech. 

Changes in Tense

Present Simple - past simple

present continuous - past continuous

past simple - past perfect

present perfect - past perfect

will future - would + bare infinitive

can - could

have to - had to

imperative - to infinitive

Changes in words

this - that

these - those

here - there

now - then

today - that day

yesterday - the previous day

tomorrow - following day / next day

tonight - that night

sir / madam - respectfully

good morning - greeted

Assertive sentences

Direct Speech: She said to me, “I am writing a letter to my brother.”

Indirect Speech: She told me that she was writing a letter to her brother.

Imperative sentences

Direct Speech: He said to me, “Shut the door.”

Indirect Speech: He requested me to shut the door.

Interrogative sentences

Direct Speech: We said to him, “Are you ill?”

Indirect Speech:  We asked him if he was ill.

Exclamatory sentences

Direct Speech: He said, “Hurray! I have won the match.”

Indirect Speech:  He exclaimed with great joy that he had won the match.

Optative sentences

Direct Speech: My mother said to me, “May you succeed in the test!”

Indirect Speech:  My mother prayed that I might succeed in the test.

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