Subjunctive mood
Grammatical composition
The English subjunctive is realized as a finite but tenseless clause. Subjunctive clauses use a bare or plain verb form, which lacks any overt inflectional marking.
- (1) Subjunctive clauses:
- a. It's crucial that he be here by noon
- b. It's vital that he arrive on time
English does not have a distinct subjunctive verb form, since the bare verb form is not exclusively subjunctive. It is also used in other constructions such as imperatives and infinitivals.
- (2) Imperative:
- a. Be here by noon!
- b. Arrive on time!
For almost all verbs, the bare form is syncretic with the present tense form used in all persons except the third person singular.
- (3) Present Indicative: I always arrive on time.
One exception to this generalization is the defective verb beware, which has no indicative form. Another is be, whose bare form is not syncretic with any of its indicative forms:
- (4) Present Indicative:
- a. I am…
- b. She is…
- c. You/we/they are…
examples
- If I were in the program, I would sing the song.
- I suggest that Hanna sing the song.
- I propose that Ram be asked to prepare the cake.
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